Today, however, many academicians have re-assessed this positive view of Ancient Rome, as well as of others once admired in the Western tradition.

Here in the United States, for example, Christopher Columbus is no longer uniformly seen as a brave explorer who

There are several examples of a ship rudder. These are with Hadrian on a coin, Fortuna sculpted at Castlecary Scotland and Salus inscribed in Wales (where the Hadrian coin was found).  Fortuna and Salus are inscribed together at Chester. 'Salus was often represented on coins and art, like Fortuna, with a rudder and a globe at her feet, indicating her responsibility for steering the state for the good of the people.'

Hadrian. https://www.flickr.com/photos/museumwales/5950606340/
The coin was struck in AD 119/121and found in Wales. This was the year before he visited Britain .

 Salus' right foot is on a globe, holding a rudder upwards in her left hand.  It's also Hadrian's coin and dated 119-123.

https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/C_R-9382

So Salus is evidently a gubernator, steering the state with Fortuna. Then Fortuna on the Fenwick Hoard has the powers of Jupiter and Victory, as a military deity.https://colchester.cimuseums.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Fenwick-Hoard-Teachers-notes.pdf

 p.9.  1 silver armlet (or armillae). 

Then finally, Fortuna at Castlecary fort would be steering the military fortunes of state with her rudder.

https://www.flickr.com/photos/dandiffendale/26258772660

Is this evidence for the 'ship of state' and its emphasis for the military sense, which naturally means the naval ships?

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Roman remains have been found underneath Gloucester's King's Square as the re-development of the city centre location continues.

Archaeological discoveries have been made during work on the £5million project to revamp the square.

Among the discoveries are large roman walls two metres below the surface in corner of King's Square near to Subway and Chambers.

The wall in this area is thought by Gloucester's city archaeologist to be a corner tower of the Roman city.

https://www.gloucestershirelive.co.uk/news/gloucester-news/roman-remains-found-under-subway-5225168#comments-section

Summary: It is good to know that people are aware of the existence to Roman remains and appreciate the need to investigate them further. Excellent video on the most recent find:

guy also known as gaius

Here's an interesting figurine recently excavated in the East of England, suggesting moustaches and long hair were popular in 1st century Britain:

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A tiny statue's moustache and haircut could be evidence of popular fashion trends from the 1st Century, an archaeologist has said.

The 5cm (2in) figure of a Celtic deity was discovered at the National Trust's Wimpole Estate in Cambridgeshire.

https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-56116411

https://www.theguardian.com/science/2021/feb/19/when-mullets-rocked-figurine-suggests-ancient-britons-favoured-hairstyle

Summary: I am not surprised that the first century ancient Brits may have had moustaches and long hair, also. The famous Dying Gaul sculpture in Rome also shows these features, That sculpture is thought to be an ancient Roman copy of a Hellenistic bronze (223-231 BCE) from Pergamon:  

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The white marble statue, which may originally have been painted, depicts a wounded, slumped Gaulish or Galatian Celt, shown with remarkable realism and pathos, particularly as regards the face. A bleeding sword puncture is visible in his lower right chest. The warrior is represented with characteristic Celtic hairstyle and moustache with a Celtic torc around his neck. He sits on his shield while his sword, belt and curved trumpet lie beside him. The sword hilt bears a lion's head. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dying_Gaul

guy also known as gaius

    Anglo-Saxons – lineal descendants of one of the people which followed Moses. Genetics discovered the Chechens and the Germans common Northern German mitochondrial DNA, that is maternal (see Yavus Akhmadovs statement in a round table of “RIA News” in Moscow).

    Patrilineal the Chechens and the Ingush have Y DNA of haplogroup J2a, which in major of Cohens, descendant of Aaron, brother of Moses. The grandfather and his grandson from daughter will not have the same Y or Mt DNA, because these lines either only patrilineal or only matrilineal. Y DNA or Mitochondrial DNA are not betrays Anglo-Saxons as descendants of Israel, but they are their lineal descendants, as in the example of grandfather and his grandchildren by his daughter.

    Middle Eastern Cohens Y DNA J2a of Gargareans-Chechen in the Caucasus moved to Northern German Mt DNA of Amazons. The historians well know that the Amazons were in alliance with Gargareans in Caucasus and in the three years bring back sons to their fathers. (as it written by Strabon)

    Later Amazons have turned to patriarchy and the part of them with Sarmatians moved to Europe.

    In the eddas of Vikings (descendants of Amazons!) is not random they pointing to Caucasus as their homeland.

    Dr. A. Vagapov found over 5 thousand Chechen words in Old English language. Marcus Aurelius also resettled the Sarmatians - emigrants from Caucasus, to the Britain. Thousands of Chechen words in contemporary Europeans languages are not coincidental. Such known names as Lars, Akka, Utt, Buri, Hattuary, Angus, Van, Sassannach and others links Southwest Asia and Western Europe since ancient times of first civilizations.             Albert Machigov.

The mysterious remains, which date from the Roman period, were dug up as part of the Crossrail project, a £15 billion scheme to establish a 26-mile rail network across the capital. And they are just one of several grim artefacts that are challenging long-held beliefs about Roman Britain, shedding light on ancient Celtic practices and terrifying Roman customs.

via The Telegraph

Forgive me if this topic is in the wrong forum!

I'm trying to find out what the Romans would have called people from Britain and people from Cornwall?

I found an interesting topic on this forum which had some useful information, if anyone could possibly elaborate? http://www.unrv.com/forum/topic/8636-the-name-britain/

Regards

Frank

Bede states that Caerleon (City of the Legions) was one such city (or Roman Town), and I guess with the recent archaeological discoveries then that is close to being confirmed?

Personally, I suspect Corbridge, Carlisle or perhaps somewhere close by like Penrith.

Some of the "small towns" may be "potential cities" such as Rochester. 

Recently a theatre was discovered at Faversham (Durolevum), so a Forum-Basilica may yet to come!

Brough? Any other candidates? Possibly somewhere round Lewis perhaps?

Another interesting thing reading Bede is that St Martin's Church in Canterbury was most definitely a Roman Church, hence the remains there may actually be a retaining wall of the Roman nave.

http://thebritishhistorypodcast.com/?paged=10

http://www.proto-english.org

http://www.britainex...day-england.htm

Here's a challenge for all you Romanophiles: explain the atypical behaviour of the Romans after winning Mons Graupius (and if you can prove this battle actually took place you get 5 points).

To refresh memories, according to Tacitus, the Romans fought and defeated a Caledonian army of 30,000, killing 10,000 of them and driving the rest from the field (which has never been identified). They managed this feat with the loss of no more than 360 auxiliaries and one single solitary Roman citizen, an Aulus Atticus (while the Legions present sat back and twiddled their thumbs).

This is where the story begins to fall apart. The normal procedure of a Roman army after such a victory was to settle in and consolidate, bribe a few of the local bigwigs, kill some of the others, erect a commemoration stone or two, and build a base for further operations.

In this case, they didn't. Yet, according to Tacitus, all