A wing is a fuel tank, has spoilers, ground spoilers, flaps, slats, ailerons and changes it's shape according to the task at hand. It doesn't like to be contaminated, has engines mounted to it, bends a little, and has wires, heating tubes, cables with a herculean skeletal make up wrapped in aluminum and composites. It keeps us afloat in the wild blue yonder.
.....Fly Wing Fly.....!
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A "clean wing" on a east to west heading...Lake Ontario is to the South. An Airbus wing. Not sure if it is an A319, A320 or A321...doesn't matter... they are the exact same wing. I bet Toronto ATC has them slowed to 170 knots until the FAF (Final Approach Fix) :) |

The aircraft turns (banks) via the spoilers (as seen) and/or the ailerons located on the outer portion of the wing. There are five separate spoilers. Some of them act in unison on both wings to act reduce speed or descend. They are then called "speed brakes" a.k.a the "boards." You may hear a wallowing sound when near an airport...that's the speed brakes.
I live near the "SETLO" fix where you have to be at 3000 feet or higher at a speed of 200 knots. You'll hear the pilots deploying the speed-brakes overhead.

The Airbus has four flap settings, 1, 2, 3 and full. Pretty simple, eh? The rule of thumb... turning base or about ten miles to five miles out..flap 1, four miles...flap 2, three miles...gear down...two miles...flap 3 and one mile...flap full. On the leading edge are "slats" which also redirect air flow.

The spoilers act as ground spoilers when the mains are on. Think drag chute on a dragster.
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Depiction of the A320 flight controls. |